Calories in 6 Oz Beef Steak Grilled
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special furnishings and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald drape and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy earth.
In laurels of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the xanthous brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and acquire more about the secrets and fun facts that make the dearest moving picture a timeless archetype.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Film
Equally a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 film accommodation. Hamilton called her amanuensis to ask which grapheme the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Three days earlier filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the terminate, Hamilton was on fix for three months, but many of her scenes were cutting for being also scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, merely that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-old Garland had to vesture a corset-similar device so she looked more similar a preadolescent kid.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland vesture a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as whatever preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the graphic symbol changed. Afterwards MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart motion.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Keen Movie Magic
The Sorcerer of Oz employs a lot of great picture tricks, and some of the nearly unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies in a higher place the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in blackness smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from beneath. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Die — W W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Really Unsafe
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the event of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more breathy toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-form chrysotile asbestos. Fifty-fifty though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was however Hollywood's preferred choice for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'south Makeup Stuck Effectually for Awhile
In the finish, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more means than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Man's aluminum makeup acquired a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced past Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was ameliorate than Ebsen's, he yet had some issues. The Scarecrow'due south makeup consisted of a safe prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the moving picture wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face up that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the get-go take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor besides early.
For the second have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor equally planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared upward. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and 3rd-caste burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Nigh as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — cheers to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting downwards on human marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature prophylactic monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one's surprise, the American Motion picture Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland'south career was nearly cut from the movie.
Studio execs at MGM thought the vocal made the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathize the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin can Homo Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Residual Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't accept information technology easy either. From the lingering concerns almost the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" trunk and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so strong that he had to lean against a lath to rest properly. Many years afterwards, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. Information technology seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't assistance folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin can Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'due south new character, the Tin Man, acquired him a world of issues. Namely, the character'southward silverish makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the function with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), merely didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final moving-picture show, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Sorcerer."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave U.s. the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is total of practical special effects that actually concur up. The funnel itself was really a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Confronting the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it await like the business firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an event in Hollywood. For instance, Adriana Caselotti, phonation of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The motion-picture show went on to brand roughly $8 million.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti'south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a calendar week — merely information technology notwithstanding didn't reverberate the motion-picture show's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM idea it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio'south title card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast histrion Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a ninety-pound outfit made from real lion skin. Withal, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his graphic symbol's nerves. Each night, two stagehands stale the costume for the next 24-hour interval.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 just didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $ii,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $l 1000000 adjusted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $3 million at the box office — about $51.8 1000000 by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Low-era moving picture, remember that Disney fabricated $eight meg with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's pocket-size success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — simply success overseas fortunately bolstered the motion picture's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me As well"
Judy Garland was just 16 years one-time when she was cast every bit Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were ofttimes given to young actors to help them slumber after studios shot them upward with adrenaline and then they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a author for Limited, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her lilliputian more than than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalism of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'due south feature-length animated moving-picture show Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not only did the pic revolutionize the animation industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snowfall White — and so the near successful picture show of all time — with an adaptation of The Sorcerer of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Human's "If I Just Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore fine art chiliad Romeo?"
The Reddish Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the volume, Dorothy'due south iconic footwear was originally silver, merely screenwriter Noel Langley felt the carmine color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM'southward chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug there several times. Some other pair were stolen from Minnesota'south Judy Garland Museum in 2005, merely the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Only I Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy'southward quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Even so, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Equally was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the merely location footage in the film is the opening championship sequence — those clouds are 100% the real bargain.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is 1 of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can frequently be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Can Human spouts out all of that steam.
After 1 of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to notice one that resembled the original canine actor more than closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to prefer the domestic dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-factory evil villain. More than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to bear witness kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, only she was also a lamentable, lonely effigy. In curt, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly plenty, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Unlike Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Nutrient Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Human being and the Cowardly Panthera leo when the horse in Emerald Metropolis took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to movement quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sugariness treat. Merely the colorful steed isn't the simply interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-drawn carriage was in one case owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Most actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morn — six days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Make full the Flick
The film is clogged of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the corking fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history equally well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that human being behind the drapery" was voted #24, while "There's no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the often misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Burn down Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the motion-picture show is incredible. Like the "horse of a dissimilar color" sequence, some other iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly later on Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature girl's anxiety. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "burn" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to arrive expect more flame-similar.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was office fun and function problem-solving for filmmakers. In club to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which frequently heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on picture show, particularly in colorized form. For case, the white office of Dorothy's dress is actually pinkish — only because information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin can Man is so excited nigh? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More One Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the Westward's beef with Dorothy is that the immature girl dropped a firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived owner of the scarlet slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if just briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Picture show'due south Running Fourth dimension Was Cutting Down Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like null by today'due south Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off xx minutes.
After cut the famed "Jitterbug" number (top correct) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic toe sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, later on, nixed Dorothy'due south "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Metropolis reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Homo becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film'due south starring foes were actually friends. Ane story that emerged from the gear up described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Colour Sequences past Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
It'due south widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the film turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
I of History'south Most-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved popular in theaters, another pic released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (Y'all may have heard of that footling movie — it's called Gone with the Current of air.) Withal, MGM'south musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in role to re-releases.
The film was first broadcast on idiot box on Nov iii, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 one thousand thousand viewers. It'due south believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the 10 most-watched characteristic-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of almanac television set screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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